Hydraulic testing



Patented Nov. 29, 1927.

VICTOR I. ZELOV, OF ROSEMONT} "PENNSYLVANIA.

HYDRAULIC TESTINGJAPPARATUS.

Application filed septe nlher, 15,; 192a f serigi' No.. 1 35; 543Q 3 My invention relates to hydraulically op; erated testing apparatus, and has for its ob jcct the provision of such apparatus. which shall be simple of design, easy of manufacture and which shall be capable of accurately delivering a predetermined fluid pressure to a device to be tested. 1 p I A further object ofmy invention s to. pro vide apparatus of the character designatedwhich shall be effective to accurately and, automatically provide a predeterm ned pres sure for testing and to automatieallw'firrd cate thepressure effectiof leakageinthetestingj apparatus or in the apparatus to tested. v I

A still further object of my invention s to-;provide a hydraulically: perated test ng ppa u wpa l ofia i m ds tsrieg xpredetermined flaid pressure in; a relat vely 3 large'volume to a plurality oflobjectstohe, tested, ;wherehy such worlemay carried on with E dispatch and the- ,cogine c ted therewith greatly reduced -App s dy n ew s iefi ri vention is illustratedinthe accop panjing drawing forming a part ofthis spec fication; wherein Y 7 3.3

F g- 1 is a de le t ,ipar ieinese i tion, showing my improved apparatus to gether with certaindevices adap ted to testedtherehy; and, 1 v,

Fig. 2 is a detail viev, drawn to adargeplscale, and-showing my improvedjmeans,tor; indicating leakage in the app aratu s beingr tested or in the communications tl ierewith.

Briefly, my invention; comprises, a housingf associated with a source .ofi fi uid vpres su re, and containingapiston and a valve mewher carried by the piston. vThe l ou singand." the valve member are both provided; with co -Q operating ports and passages-whereby when a displacement force is e gerted von; thepis: ton, thevalve member-fist movedatoadmit, fluid pressureto one side of ;the piston, in opposition to tlie-, displacement, force. Assoon as the displacement force is-balanced' hy the fluid pressure uacting on the piston,-- the vaive is movedto outofi' the;fi0w-lof fluid thereto. The space on the active'side of the piston is connected to adevice to be tested so that the apparatus delivers a fluidpressure for testing 1 purposes which is a. function ofthe displacementforce. Should any leakage occur in the delivery line or in;

the deviceto. be testedithe pressure on. the activeg side of'the piston diminished and the 'valve moves tofadinitinore'fiuid under pi'essui efltiieieto;

In order to accuratelydetermine the displacement force applied .to the piston, I arrangefit for; up andvdown movement and arrange it-Weighted scaleiheani'. lever to bear thereon; i' In fadditionyl provide a"vernier scale di may oc manner he most accurate determmati'on of the fiu d pressiire {utilized fortest mg may q d' l n (iii lti prov i de'd the iai -1 1 rifting sins f'c oiiiinu nicates through a conjc lfliit fl'qf wi uijapy suitahlefsource of fluid pressure, preferably oil under p ressure, said pressure Lat-fall times above that which i t 'isfc l's'iifed to qtiH'zej r testing. 'Fluid prsfs i're' 'frbmlthe' conduitl'Tiis delivered to a passage 18 I provided 'iii the housing to the reduced cylindricalfportion 16; f With the valvel t'in theposition shown iii the drawing, the passage lS-isclosed saidvalve so that no fluid under pressure can enter the cylindrical portion, Should the piston 12 be moved downwardly, carrying with it the valve 14, itwill be seenthat fluid pressure is admitted to the space above said valve 14.

Within the stem portion 13 of the piston 12 is provided a passage 19 communicating with the space above the valve 14 and with the cylinder llhelow the piston 12. In this wayfiuid pressure admitted by the valve 14 tit) cates through a passage 21 with a eonduit- 22 adapted to delivenflurdmnder pressure to a device or devices to be tested, so that whatever pressure is beneath said -p'iston 12 also exists in the conduit 22 ezreeptfor such leakage as might possiblyoectrri'n the conduit r. ath v e ein e e A air-n ie i ee atber stpe. 12t a i 'flui pi t ams a is id ma wm ght tdbe utilizd'ovragain,

' upon a 41 eirtends downwardly intb a recess j42lprovided in the piston 12 and stein 1'3. he po'wer arm of the lever 36, s.lro wn,at 43,-is.p rovided with a sliding weight and with graduations 46 for measu rip'g and indica ting'the displacement force bearing downwardly on the piston 12. In drd'erfto apply a predetermined initial force to the'power arm 36, greater than that which coul'dbe with the weight 44, a weight fractionsofu nits of those indicated by the sliding weight -44.

In oizderthat'the weight .of the power arm 43 a njd its associated parts may be counterbalanced before testing, I provide counterii i i d n. pas a thrbugh passagefs127and cylinder 58 having a piston 59 disposed therein and adapted to be moved upwardly by the'fluid pressure beneath it. Fluid pressure may be cam-eyed to the cylinder 58 by the conduit iii and a branch conduit- 61.

The force exerted by the piston '59 is transmitted to the spring-57- throug'lr a movable a'biitme'nt 62bca=ring upwardly against the spring. The upper end of the spring is held in position by means of a yoke (33 which is ln'turn secured to the cylinder 58 by means 2 Ora plurality of-bolts (54. At't-he right-0f the" apparatus is'shown a gauge 66 which may be 'graduated in any'suit'able units. A pointer GT-carried'by the abutment-62 indicates the amount-o1 deflection of thespring when compressed by action of the abutment 62. Inasmuch as my improved apparatus is capable of'delivcring'an accurately measured fluid pressure to the cylinder 5 8,-the spring 57' may thus be tested and its behavior under operating conditions accurate] y determined.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that should any leakage occur in the testing apparatus past the'piston 12 to the drain, past-the valve 23 to the exhaust, in thegconduit 22, or in any of the apparatus being tested, it will-tend to reduce the pressure within the cylinder llacting upon the piston-12. This reduction in pressure would cause the power arm 43 of the lever 36 to more the piston 12 and valve 14 downwardly a suflicicnt amount .to allow fluid under pressure to pass the valve 14 into the cylinder 11 to compensate for such leakage; The

power arm 43 would thus assume a lower position, on accountf of the leakage than it. would assume without such leakage. it will be apparent that leakage in any of the points outlined would also tend to reduce the pressure acting upon the devices being tested and the indications of the weights 44. and 52 would be slightly in error. In order to indicate the extent of such inaccuracies which might occur on account of leakage, I provide, as best shown in Fig.2, astationary member 'l'lcarried by the housing 10 and having marked thereon a plurality of graduations 72.- The stationary member 71 extends upwardly from the housing 10 along side the power arm 43 of the lever 36. There is provided on the power arm 43. opposite the graduation 72, a pointer 73 which indi cates the position of said lever 43 with respect to the housing and thus shows when the lever 43 must assume a lower position to compensate for leakage from beneath the piston-12 or connections therewitln The greater-such leakage is, the lower the lever: arm/l3 must move in order to move the valve 'l-t to compensate for such leakage.

In order that the valve member 14 may be perfectly balanced to compensatedor its own dead Aveight and the dead .weight of associated parts utilized to transmit theiorce of the power arm 43 thereto, I provide a spring 74: beneath said valve member and bearing upwardly thereagainst. The-spring 7-l is of a determined scale, or has a determined deflection for a given displacement force. When ever there is leakage in the system causing the lever arm l? to assume a lowerposition-to compensate therefor, the valve 1% is caused to-assume a lower position deflecting the spring 74. The indications of the gauge Titand pointer 73 there fore register .the deflection of the spring 74 and thus the pressure ellect of the leakage in the system. ..Correction to:v the indications of -theweights-H and 52=1nay. then be made to compensate for-the pressure effect of the leakage. o v

Having. thus described my invention, the. operation thereof is as follows. -Assume that the.devices 5G and 57'. are in position to be tested and. connected tothe conduit :22- and that fluid under a sufficient pressure is being conveyed-to the apparatus through: the eonduit 17. The weights Hand-52 are their set to indicate the pressure at WhlCh'itilS desired to test the devices 56 and57. vThe force exerted bythe weights Pt-and 52-is transmitted downwardly to the piston 12 through; the "fulcrum 39. and stem 41 causingitto move downwardly, Upon downward move-. ment of the piston 12, the valve 14 is moved; downwardly and fluid under pressure is=admittcd through passage 18 and through the passage 19 to the space beneath thepiston: 12 forcing it upwardly. Assoon as the pres; sure beneath said piston 12-is suflicient'vto; balance the force exerted by-thepower arm: 43 of the lever 36, the valve lat is moved'-t0 cut oil the fluid pressure entering the cylinsi der 1 l and the apparatus comes to rest in-the' position shown in the drawing.-- Inasmuch as the space beneath the piston 12- is at all.- times in coimuunication through the conduit 2 with the devices to be:tested,.the reading of the gauge 56 and the compressionof the spring 57 can be noted at the predetermined pressure. Should it be desiredto; increase the pressure acting upon the devices 56 and the weighted or 52 or both, may:

he moved to increase the forceexerted by theowcr arm jwhereupon the operations just. described will reoccur.

Should it he desired to-dec-rease the pressure acting upon the devices Fill-and 57 the weight t l or 52 or. both, may be moved inwardly of the power arm 43.. WVhen the.

weights .44 or .52- or both, are moved inwardly f=the power arm 43, the downward force exerted thereby and acting upon the piston 12 is decreased and the fluid pressure beneath said piston is now greater. than the downward force being exerted thereupon. The greater force of the fiuid pressure causes said piston to raise carrying with it the valve member 14 and allowing some of the fluid pressure from beneath said piston to pass to the exhaust through the passage'24 and passage 26. The pressure act'- ing upon the devices 56 and 57 is thus immediately'reduced to that determined by the settings of the weights 44 and 52.

Should leakage occur past the piston 12 or in any of the connections to the space heneath said piston, the-poiverarm 43 holds the piston 12 and valve -14 downwardly slightly compressing the: spring-74 I so thatthe valve 14 remains open suflici'entl to continuously pass an amount of fluid' t ereby equivalent to theleakage occurring; less the counteracting. force exertedby the spring 74 .unden'compression. I This position of -the power-arm 43 and'-valve- 14:is shownhy the pointer 73 and graduations 72 s6 that the pressure efi'ect of the leakage is known and corrections may. bei made 1 to the readings established by the weights44 and 52 w com pensate-forthef'efi'ect of such leakage Fromn the foregoing it: will be apparent that I; have: devised; fan. improved hydraulie l callyn operated testingi ap aratiis dapable of; accurately: measuring I andisdeli-vering a predetermined premure ate the apparatus to 'be tested' and 'whiclr =is'zsimple of pperati'onand capable. ofgreatly reducin -the foperations ordina'rilyerequiredi for suci-iwbrkw' 2:: i 1.

Whfle 51551137 8 shown fmy inventi'oxi in but one dorm; it will be obvi ou s to those' 'skilled in: f the .-art: that it is arotfisodimited; but is susceptible "of various changes -'a.nd modifi cations without depart'i'ng from the spirit thereof, and: :I desire; "therefore,' -that only such limitations shall be-placedl thereupon as are imposed bythe prior art or as are specifically: set forth inthe appended: claims:

Whatl claim 1. In' a hydraulic .testingiapparatus, the combination with a;souree ofufluidpressure-,: or at-valve memberT-for ostablishing 'com munication-betWen the-.so'urce of fluid pressure and apoint of. deliveryain response/- to a displacement: force, 'means: carried by the valve member and utilizing thefiuid pres-' sure delivered as:a medium.;to movesaid valve and. cut ofizsaid communication whenthe force exerted by said delivered pressure equals the displacement 1f0rce,f lever means for applying the.--displacement force, and spring means for compensating fon the dead weight of the lever -means..

2.-In a hydraulic testing apparatus, the

i:- combination w1th a source of fluid pressure,

of a valve member for establishing. communication between the source of tluid'pressure and a point of delivery in response to a displacement force, means carried: by the valve member and utilizing. the fluid pressure delivered as a medium to move said valve and cut oli said communication when the force exerted by said delivered pressure equals the displacement force, lever and weight means for applying a predetermined displacement force, and a spring having a definite scale offsetting the dead weight of the lever and weight means.

3. In a hydraulic testing apparatus, the combination with a source ()F-lllt'ld pressure, of means movable in response to lluidipressure in opposition to-a displacementforce audadaptcd to-(lclivcr lluid nndrr pressure to the device (In be tested in units of pressure which. are a functiouoi the-dispiaccincnt force, a weighted lever for exerting-a (ii$- placement force on the element, means carried by-the lever for indicating the amount of displacement force exerted,- and other meanscooperatinggwith the lever for 1nd].- eatingleiikage in the device to be. tested. or in the fluid pressure containers connected therewith.

L In a hydraulic testing-apparatus, the

combination withfa source of fluid pressure,

of a housing-defining avcylinder-having a piston. therein and adapted-for up and down movement, a valve member carr1ed;'bv the pistonandndapted; when moved in. a downward direction to admit-fluid under pressure to one side of theipiston in-- opposition to a downward-displacement .force: and to cut off said' fluid pressure-when said: displacement force is equaled, n.1ever having-Its fulcrum "carried by! the piston,-.a--weight: carried by the'pdwen-arin of, the lever and adapted to exert a downward displacement force-on the piston, andnneans for. indicating the-forceexerted by the weigl-it.

5.= In a'hydraulie ttsting apparatus adapt a ed to beassociated with :idevice .-to be tested, the combination with a-sourcc ot-tluid pressure, of a housing defining a cylinder having a piston therein and adapted for up and down movement, said housing hav ng suitable ports and passages commumcat-mg with thesource of fluid prcfisurc, with thedevice to he tested, and with the=-exhanst,.

whereby fluid pressure is exhausted fromheneath the piston whenever the force exerted thereby is greater than the displaceinent force, a lever pivotedto a stationary part, a fulcrum for the lever and carried by thepiston, a power arm for the lever suitable ports and passages communicating.

with the source of fluid presurtgwith the device to be tested, and with the exhaust, valve means movable with the piston and having ports and passages cooperating-with the ports amhpassages of the housing..-whereby fluid under pressure is adinitted;beneatli the piston to maintain aibalance against any downward force acting.- on said" piston. and whereby fluid-under. pressure is exhausted:-

from beneath the piston Whenever the -force exertedthe rebyjs 'greate'ritli a-ntli'e displace manta forcet-aelever pivoted. tea-stationary part, a fulcrum for the lever and carriedby the piston, .a power acmfor thelever'graduated in unitsof 'fome,=a weight slidabl-e along said power arnis.and imposing-a determinable do wnwarddispilaeemienhforceon =the'piston, and: means fori'indicatin'g' the pressure effect of leaka-gein-said condnibonsa-"iddevice to beicested. a

7. In a hydraulic testing apparatus adapt ed'to be associated w-itha device to be tested, the combination with a' source'of fluid pressure; of: a housing defining: a cylinder having a'piston therein and adapted for up and: downmovement, said housinghavingsurtable "portsand passages coi'nmii'n-ica-ting with the-source of fluid pres'sure; with the device to lie tested, and with th'eexhaust, valve means-movable withthe. piston and having portsand passages cooperating with" the ports and. passages of the housing 'wherebytlui'd underpresmre isadmitted beneath the piston to maintaina balanceagainst any downward force-acting on said=piston and whereby fluid "underpressure isexhausted from beneath the piston whenever the force exerted thereby isgreater than the displacement force, a 'lcver pivoted to astationary part, a fulcrum for-the'lever and carried bythe piston, a powerarm-fo'r the lever graduated in units of force, a weight slidable along said power arm and'imposing a determinable downward displacement-force on the piston, means for indicating the pressure eti'ect of leakage in said conduit or said de vice to be tested, and a springfor counterbalancing the dead weight of'the valve memher and partsbearing thereon.

8. In a hydraulic testing apparatusadaptedfor-association with a device to be tested, the combination with a'source'of fluid presllU lliU

sure, of a housing defining a cylinder having a piston therein and adapted for up and down movement, said housing having suitable ports and passages communicating with the source of fluid pressure, with the device to be tested and with the exhaust, valve" means movable with the piston and having ports and passages cooperating with the ports and passages of the housing whereby fluid under pressure is admitted beneath the piston and to the device to be tested to maintain a balance against any downward force acting on said piston and whereby fluid under pressure is exhausted from beneath the piston whenever the force exerted by said fluid pressure'isgreater'than the displacement force, anda scale beam lever having a vmovable weight thereon adapted to exert a downward displacement force on the piston.

9. In a hydraulic testing apparatus adapted-for association with a device to be tested, the combination with a source of fluid pressure, of a housing communicating with the source of fluid pressure and the device to be tested, means in the housing movable in response to fluid pressure in opposition to a displacement force and adapted to deliver fluid under pressure to the device to be tested in units which are a function of the displacement force, a lever pivoted to the housing,

a fulcrum forithe levenand.operativelycon nected to said means, and a power arm for the lever having a movable weight provided thereon and marked with graduations to indicate the units of force exerted by the weight. I a

10. In a hydraulic testing "apparatus adapted for association with a'device to be tested, the combination with a source of fluid pressure, of a housing communicating with the source of fluid pressure and the device to be tested, means in the housing movable in response to fluid pressure in opposition to a displacement force, a lever pivoted to the housing, a fulcrum for the lever and operatively connected to said means, a power arm for the lever having a movable weight provided thereon and marked with graduations to indicate the units of force exerted by the weight, and a supplementary power arm provided on the lever and having graduations and a lesser movable weight for indicating fractions of the units of force indicated by the firstmentioned weight.

11. In a hydraulic testing apparatus adapted for association with a device to be tested, the combination with a source of fluid pressure, of a housing communcating with the source of fluid pressure and the device to be tested, means in the housing movable in response to fluid pressure in opposition to a displacement force and adapted to deliver fluid under pressure to the device to be tested in units which are a function of the displacement force, a lever pivoted to the housing, a fulcrum for the lever and operatively connected to said means, a power arm for the lever having a movable weight proand a lesser movable weight for indicating 7:;

fractions of the units of force indicated by the first-mentioned weight, and cooperating means carried by the housing and the lever for indicating fluid pressure leakage in the device to be tested or the means communicat- SH ing therewith.

12. In a hydraulic testing apparatus adapted for association with a device to be tested, the combination with a source of fluid pressure, of a housing communicating with the source of fluid pressure and the device to be tested, means in the housing movable in response to fluid pressure in opposition to a displacement force and adapted to deliver fluid under pressure to the device to be tested in units which are a function of the displacement force,a lever pivoted to the housing, a fulcrum for the lever and operatively connected to said means, a power arm for the lever having a movable weight provided thereon and marked with graduations to indicate the units of force exerted by the weight, a supplementary power arm provided on the lever and having graduations and a lesser movable weight for indicating fractions of the units of force indicated by the first-mentioned weight, a graduated arm carried by the housing, and indicating means carried by the lever and cooperating with the arm on the housing for indicating W5 leakage in the device to be tested or the means communicating there-with.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this first day of September, 1926.

VICTOR I. ZELOV. 

